Abstract
Eighty-one karst types and their main characteristics are described in this study, including the conditions of their development, the main characteristics of their karstification and their characteristic features. The classification includes the karst types of the Earth, a concise description of each karst type and the possibilities of belonging to several types of various karst areas. The classification of types is hierarchical in terms of groups, subgroups, types and subtypes. Karst can be classified according to their momentary state (the group of static karst types) and to their development (group of dynamic karst types). The group of static karst types has the azonal and zonal subgroups. zonal karst types may be situated under any climate. These karst types are categorized according to their geological characteristics (age of karstification, constituting rock, extent of coveredness, structure), their elevation, expansion, the morphology of their surface, hydrology and to the effects occurring on the karst. Taking the above mentioned factors into consideration, the author distinguishes various types and describes their characteristics. Zonal karst types are also described (tundra karst, temperate karst, subtropical karst, tropical karst), karst types that can be distinguished based on their geomorphic evolution are identified and their characteristics are presented.
Highlights
In this study, the hierarchical classification of the Earth’s postgenetic karsts is presented and karst types are described
The introduction of the various types of karst areas, the classification according to surface morphology and the classification of cryptokarsts according to several viewpoints can be regarded new results
Taking their characteristics into consideration, karst areas can be categorized into karst types
Summary
The hierarchical classification of the Earth’s postgenetic karsts is presented and karst types are described. There are blocks being covered to a various extent adjacent to each other (the quality, thickness and expansion of the cover is different) and as it has already been mentioned, the karst type (Fig. 2e), the karstification of these blocks may be different too The latter classifications (Veress, 2016) enable a detailed analyses of cryptokarst according to its character and development since cryptokarst is not homogenous, but several varieties can be found in karsts on the Earth. In depressions and on intermountain plains, there are expanded concealed karst terrains with many subsidence dolines Karren such as subsoil karren is widespread, but karren of bare surfaces is common, for instance rinnenkarren and kamenitzas on the top and on the steep slopes of inselbergs (Veress, 2019). Bare karren of small or medium sizes (rillenkarren, rinnenkarren, kamenitzas, grikes, etc.) often occurs on the steep slopes and the top of the mounds of these karsts
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