Kariya (Hildegardia barteri) seed oil extraction: comparative evaluation of solvents, modeling, and optimization techniques

Abstract

In this work, the effects of solid/solvent ratio (0.10–0.25 g/ml), extraction time (3–8 h), and solvent type (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and acetone) together with their shared interactions on Kariya seed oil (KSO) yield were investigated. The oil extraction process was modeled via response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) while the optimization of the three input variables essential to the oil extraction process was carried out by genetic algorithm (GA) and RSM methods. The low mean relative percent deviation (MRPD) of 0.94–4.69% and high coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.98 for the models developed demonstrate that they describe the solvent extraction process with high accuracy in this order: ANFIS, ANN, and RSM. The best operating condition (solid/solvent ratio of 0.1 g/ml, extraction time of 8 h, and acetone as solvent of extraction) that gave the highest KSO yield (32.52 wt.%) was obtained using GA-ANFIS and GA-ANN. Solvent extraction efficiency evaluation showed that ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and acetone gave maximum experimental oil yields of 19.20 ± 0.28, 25.11 ± 0.01, and 32.33 ± 0.04 wt.%, respectively. Properties of the KSO varied based on the type of solvent used. The results of this work showed that KSO could function as raw material in both food and chemical industries.