Abstract
Karasu River, which is the only river in the Erzurum plain, is the source of the river Euphrates (Eastern Anatolia of Turkey). The river is in a serious environmental situation as a result of pollution by agricultural and industrial sewage and domestic discharges. The present study aims to evaluate genotoxic effects of toxic metals in marsh frog, Pelophylax ridibundus collected from two contaminated wetlands environments of the Karasu River Basin, in comparison with frogs from one non-polluted reference site. Heavy metal concentrations in surface water of the river were determined. Genotoxicity assays such as micronucleus (MN) and other nuclear abnormalities (NA) were carried out on the frogs studied. MN and NA (kidney-shaped nucleus, notched nucleus and lobed nucleus) were assessed in peripheral blood erythrocytes of the frog. A significant elevation in MN and NA frequencies was observed in frog collected from the polluted sites compared with those from the reference site. Results of the current study suggest that there is a close realtion between increasing of erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities and environmental contamination. High concentrations of heavy metals have a potential genotoxic effects, and the toxicity is possibly related to industrial, agricultural and domestic activities.
Highlights
It is well known that organisms are repeatedly exposed to low doses of a variety of chemical pollutants of environmental or occupational origin.The environmental contaminants from both natural factors and human activities have received considerable study
Chemical analysis of surface water samples indicated that water from the downstream of the river (Site A) had higher concentrations of some heavy metals (Cd, Al, As, Pb and Mn) than sites from the upper river (Site D and S)
While the heavy metal concentrations recorded in water of Site S and D were low compared to Turkish Standardized Institute (TSE) 266 limits, Site A metals were high
Summary
It is well known that organisms are repeatedly exposed to low doses of a variety of chemical pollutants of environmental or occupational origin.The environmental contaminants from both natural factors and human activities have received considerable study. It is well known that organisms are repeatedly exposed to low doses of a variety of chemical pollutants of environmental or occupational origin. The degradation of the aquatic resources due to effluent discharges containing pollutant substances, some of which persistent, toxic or bioaccumulable, has coming to put in risk their natural function of life support and their utilization for the most variety of human activities. The Direct Toxicity Assessment (DTA) approach uses the whole sample and monitors the direct effect on organisms accounting for unknown chemicals and for those of uncertain toxicity. DTA is important for different reasons, for example to identify, track, and monitor the source of toxicity in a stream or industrial process and to assist in the decision to discharge (Daniel et al 2004; Dane and Şişman 2014)
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