KARAÇAY-MALKAR TÜRKÇESİNDE İSİMDEN İSİM YAPIM EKLERİNİN GELİŞİMİ - I

Abstract

A considerable amount of the Turkish language vocabulary is composed of derived words. Affixes forming nouns from nouns have an important function in word derivation. These aforementioned affixes, which don’t have any meaning on their own, become meaningful when they attach themselves to noun roots or stems. In other words, the primary task of these affixes is to form new and lasting noun words by attaching themselves to the noun roots or stems of noun which had become one derived from a verb. These new words, from the standpoint of the meanings they have, also show similarities with the meanings of the roots and stems to which they are attached since they are formed via derivational affixes to those roots or stems. The field of usage of these affixes is quite large and they usually express abstract and concrete notions such as time, space, profession, community, belonging. From this theoretical information forth, derivational affixes used to derive nouns from nouns in Karachay-Balkar Turkish, which is in north-west (Kipchak) Turkish dialect group, are identified and classified in alphabetical order. Subsequently the functions of each of these aforementioned affixes and the relationship of the new meanings they derived to the roots and stems they are attached to are shown by giving examples. In addition, development of these aforementioned affixes in Karachay-Balkar Turkish are exhibited in comparison with Orkhon, Old Uyghur, Karakhanid, Khorezm, Kipchak and Chagatai periods of Turkish language.