台語、華語的“使動”、“讓動”kap“自動”句型

Abstract

This paper undertakes the investigation of the sentence patterns of three semantic categories, causative, yielding, and active. It also provides the semantic basis for sentence pattern translation between Mandarin ”ba” sentence patterns and Taiwanese ”chiong~kā” sentence patterns. A grammar template has two functions; making new sentences through downward generation., We generate the antecedents formonosyllables contracted form ka7 and pronouns. It does sentence interpretation of the example sentences through upward projection, placing each lexical entry onto its proper syntactic position in the template. Our grammar template effectively shows the deletion of the third person pronouns as well as the contraction of the case marker hō or kā and the following pronouns into a single syllable. With regards to the processing of information about grammar, the paper stresses the important function of syntacid patternces in showing the exact syntactic contexts of language rule. Grammar templates are able to show the language fact that various modules of semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology and pragmatics are fully functioning and there is a prompt linkage across the modules. Use of both Taiwanese and English can avoid the biases of using Mandarin only or English only. The deletion of the third person pronoun after the case marker ka7 or hō is a reasonable analylysis for Taiwanese. By contrast, the ”gei” preceding a verb is analysed as an auxiliary verb in Mandarin. The analysis in Mandarin would not suit for Taiwanese. And any similar analysis for Taiwanese would be a bias resulting from using Mandarin. The third person pronoun deletion or contraction of a case marker with the following pronouns into a single syllable takes place in the context of sentence patterns; such as ”kā+NP+hō+NP+kā+action” or ”kā+NP+hō+ pronoun +action”. That sentence pattern for giving or dative construction ”NP+hō+ pronoun” is pronounces in the original tone followed by the neutral tone can be shown on the template. The paper emphasizes three points: (1) The importance of sentence patterns in linguistic research, (2) The language fact of the total application of various modules of semantics, syntax,, phonology and prompt linkage across them. (3) When Taiwanese and English are both used in describing the grammar the biases of English only or Chinese only can be avoided.