Kaon oscillations and baryon asymmetry of the Universe

Wanpeng Tan

doi:10.1103/physrevd.100.063537

Abstract

Baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU) is naturally explained with $K^0-K^{0'}$ oscillations of a newly developed mirror-matter model and new understanding of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase transitions. A consistent picture for the origin of both BAU and dark matter is presented with the aid of $n-n'$ oscillations of the new model. The global symmetry breaking transitions in QCD are proposed to be staged depending on condensation temperatures of strange, charm, bottom, and top quarks in the early universe. The long-standing BAU puzzle can then be understood with $K^0-K^{0'}$ oscillations that occur at the stage of strange quark condensation and baryon number violation via a non-perturbative sphaleron-like (coined "quarkiton") process. Similar processes at charm, bottom, and top quark condensation stages are also discussed including an interesting idea for top quark condensation to break both the QCD global $U_t(1)_A$ symmetry and the electroweak gauge symmetry at the same time. Meanwhile, the $U(1)_A$ or strong CP problem of particle physics is simply solved under the same framework.

Highlights

The matter-antimatter imbalance or baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU) has been a long standing puzzle in the study of cosmology
Under the above consistent picture of particle oscillations, one can further examine the relations between the mixing strength sin2ð2θÞ, the mass difference Δnn0, the mirror-to-normal baryon ratio, and the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase transition temperature Tc using the framework developed in the original work of the new mirror matter model [14]
Under the new mirror-matter model [14] and new understanding of possibly staged QCD symmetry breaking phase transitions, the long-standing BAU puzzle can be naturally explained with K0 − K00 oscillations that occur at the stage of strange quark condensation

Summary

INTRODUCTION

The matter-antimatter imbalance or baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU) has been a long standing puzzle in the study of cosmology. The mirror symmetry or twin Higgs mechanism is intriguing as the Large Hadron Collider has found no evidence of supersymmetry so far and we may not need supersymmetry, at least not below energies of 10 TeV Such a mirror matter theory can explain various observations in the universe including the neutron lifetime puzzle and darkto-baryon matter ratio [14], evolution and nucleosynthesis in stars [27], ultrahigh energy cosmic rays [28], dark energy [29], and a requirement of strongly self-interacting dark matter to address numerous discrepancies on the galactic scale [30]. More detailed studies of the mirror mixing parameters under the context of the CKM matrix and proposed laboratory measurements can be found in a separate paper [36]

QCD SYMMTRY BREAKING TRANSITION AND OTHER OSCILLATIONS

CONSISTENT ORIGIN OF BAU AND DARK MATTER

CONCLUSION