Abstract
Kaolins are white raw materials, their essential constituent being fine grained white clay, which are amenable for beneficiation that make them ideal for an assortment of industrial applications. Kaolin deposits can be classified into two types, primary (residual) and secondary (sedimentary). The main commercially important kaolin resources at the present time are the primary deposits of Cornwall in England and the sedimentary deposits in Georgia and South Carolina in the USA This review outlines the geology and occurrence of kaolins in the world and the state of the art in processing high-quality kaolins. The physical and chemical characteristics of kaolin are also reviewed with respect to their use for specific applications in paper, ceramics and refractories, plastics, rubber, adhesives and paint industries. The market outlook for world kaolin is outlined with respect to product specifications, markets and prices and the competition from other fillers such as calcium carbonate.
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