Abstract
The number of fractures occurring as a consequence of osteoporosis is increasing and constitutes a major health problem in the Western world. A decrease in physical activity levels within the general population has been suggested to contribute to the development of osteoporosis. Only a few drugs are available for the treatment of osteoporosis, none of which can establish a complete cure of the disease. Therefore, prevention is of the utmost importance. Physical exercise has been shown to generate positive effects on bone mass and density as well as decreased fracture risk. Weight-bearing activities must be performed for maximal effect on the skeleton. Exercise must be continued and possibly progressive for gains in bone mass to be sustained. Exercise should not be a substitute for hormone replacement therapy during menopause, but it may add to the positive effects on bone of both hormone supplementation and sufficient calcium intake. Furthermore, regardless of bon e mass, exercise influences muscle strength, balance and co-ordination and could thereby prevent fractures. Keywords: exercise, bone, fracture, osteoporosis.
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