Abstract
BackgroundAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating condition that frequently causes death or significant disabilities. Blood tests to predict possible early complications could be very useful aids for therapy. The aim of this study was to analyze serum levels of kallikrein 6 (KLK6) in individuals with aSAH to determine the relevance of this protease with the outcome of these patients.Methodology/Principal FindingsA reference interval for KLK6 was established by using serum samples (n = 136) from an adult population. Additionally, serum samples (n = 326) from patients with aSAH (n = 13) were collected for 5 to 14 days, to study the concentration of KLK6 in this disease. The correlation between KLK6 and S100B, an existing brain damage biomarker, was analyzed in 8 of 13 patients. The reference interval for KLK6 was established to be 1.04 to 3.93 ng/mL. The mean levels in patients with aSAH within the first 56 hours ranged from 0.27 to 1.44 ng/mL, with lowest levels found in patients with worse outcome. There were significant differences between patients with good recovery or moderate disability (n = 8) and patients with severe disability or death (n = 5) (mean values of 1.03 ng/mL versus 0.47 ng/mL, respectively) (p<0.01). There was no significant correlation between KLK6 and S100B.Conclusions/SignificanceDecreased serum concentrations of KLK6 are found in patients with aSAH, with the lowest levels in patients who died.
Highlights
Non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a form of hemorrhagic stroke characterized by the accumulation of blood in the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain, represents approximately 5% of all strokes and it is a devastating condition that frequently causes death or significant disabilities in affected patients [1,2]
KLK6 Levels in Patients with SAH The clinical information of patients with aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) as well as the results obtained for KLK6 and S100B for all samples is shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 and Supporting Information S1
KLK6 serum concentration in patients with aSAH was significantly lower than the concentration of healthy individuals
Summary
Non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a form of hemorrhagic stroke characterized by the accumulation of blood in the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain, represents approximately 5% of all strokes and it is a devastating condition that frequently causes death or significant disabilities in affected patients [1,2]. Ruptured intracranial aneurysms are responsible for spontaneous SAH in 85% of cases, affecting up to 30,000 individuals per year in the United States [3,4]. Case fatality rate after aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) has decreased in the last decades, about 40–50% of patients still die [5,6]. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating condition that frequently causes death or significant disabilities. The aim of this study was to analyze serum levels of kallikrein 6 (KLK6) in individuals with aSAH to determine the relevance of this protease with the outcome of these patients
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