Kajian Linguistik Historis Komparatif Terhadap Bahasa Melayu Kuno Pada Penulisan Prasasti Panai

Abstract

The Paṇai inscription found in the Biaro Bahal area 1, Bahal Village, Portibi District, Padang Lawas Utara Regency, is one of the proofs of the existence of the Ancient Malay community that lived and existed in the 11th -14th century AD. The inscription was written using the Old Sumatran script and the Old Malay language. Old Malay is a member of the Proto Austronesian language family. The problem is related to the changing form of the Old Malay language based on the inscription of the Paṇai when viewed from a historical comparative linguistic study. The purpose of this research is to find out how the shape changes of the Old Malay language based on the inscription of Paṇai. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. Based on the results of the analysis it can be seen that all the words found in the inscription of the Paṇai were descended from the Proto Austronesian language. There are several forms of inheritance of sounds dominated by linear inheritance, then inheritance of innovations with several places of articulation which turns out not to all be inherited in the same articulation, inheritance of aferesis (change of sound by removing a phoneme or more at the beginning of words), and inheritance of paragog (change sounds with the addition of 1 phoneme at the end of the word). Another interesting phoneme change is that there is a change due to the labilization factor.