Abstract
Indonesia has hundreds of ethnic groups spread evenly to remote corners of the country. They live by their own customary law which is different from one another. Many people call them a minority because the tradition is different from some other communities and faces a tension of interest claims with other parties. Minority communities need affirmations so that they are equal as citizens in general. The form of affirmation is reflected in the rules relating to indigenous peoples. However, from many rules there are still many conflicts. This paper is anxious to see the policies that have been taken by the State in recognizing indigenous peoples and whether they are effective in fulfilling indigenous peoples' rights. The result is recognition of indigenous peoples as seen from the many laws and regulations, especially after the Reformation. On the formality side of the rules, indigenous peoples are already represented in the constitution. The state recognizes and there is an effort to provide protection and empowerment, but in terms of effectiveness, the existing legislation has not been able to reduce conflicts between indigenous peoples and other parties, especially related to customary land claims with certain parties. This means that the rules relating to indigenous peoples are more about quantity than quality. This paper recommends simplifying the rules to accommodate the problems faced by indigenous peoples.
Highlights
Indonesia memiliki ratusan suku bangsa tersebar merata sampai ke pelosok-pelosok negeri
They live by their own customary law
which is different from one another. Many people call them a minority because the tradition is different from some other communities
Summary
Bangsa Indonesia memiliki kekayaan bermacam suku bangsa. Mereka memiliki seperangkat sistem hukum, budaya, pranata dan sejarah yang khas jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok lainnya. Menurut Fraser (1995), kelompok dalam masyarakat memiliki potensi posisi lemah dari ketidakadilan budaya / simbolik, sosial ekonomi, dan politik. Menurut Habermas (2010), jika merujuk pada teori demokrasi deliberatif, hal tersebut dikarenakan kepentingan umum yang telah disuarakan dalam waktu lama oleh berbagai pihak teremansipasi dari dominasi peraturan perundangan. Karena menjadi bagian dari minoritas, masyarakat adat tidak dapat berbicara dan bertindak dalam membentuk peraturan yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan mereka secara mandiri. Politik representasi dilakukan karena tidak semua anggota masyarakat adat dapat berpatisipasi, untuk itu wakil-wakil yang berada di DPR dipercaya dalam membuat peraturan yang memperjuangkan kepentingan masyarakat adat. Pemerintahan yang representatif memberi harapan baru kepada masyarakat adat agar kepentingan mereka dapat diwujudkan dengan peraturan Negara supaya hak-hak mereka tidak hilang
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