Kaempferitrin Cause Cell Cycle Arrest at G2/M Phase and Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer HT-29 Cells

Abstract

Kaempferitrin (Kaempferol-3,7-O-bisα-L-rhamnoside) belongs to a group of metabolites known as flavonoids. Kaempferitrin has been proven to have a wide range of important pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-carcinogenic activity. Current technologies dealing with drug discovery could provide the data necessary to consider kaempferitrin and its analogs as safe drugs for use in humans. The MTT test showed that colon cancer HT-29 cell viability was reduced dose-dependently with an increased kaempferitrin concentration. The fifty percent inhibition concentration (IC50) of kaempferitrin was found to be 30.0 μM, which can cause programmed cell death in HT-29 cells and enhance the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). After kaempferitrin treatment, apoptosis was observed in a dose-dependent manner 7.5, 15.0, and 30.0 µM, respectively. Excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species damaged cellular structures and led to cell death. The relation of ROS with kaempferitrin-induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry.