Abstract
One of the most important characteristics of desirable bone repair materials is to mimic the functions of human bones such as the storage/release of ions to maintain ionic homeostasis. In attempt to mimic natural Hydroxyapatite (HAP: Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) in bones, HAP nanoparticles containing three abundant ions in human skeletal tissue (K+, Sr2+ and Na+) were designed and synthesized. The structures, morphologies, functional groups and cellular viability of the developed systems were examined to determine the precipitation conditions for generating pure phases of K+/Sr2+/Na+ triple-substituted nanoparticles. Notably, K+/Sr2+/Na+ triple-doped HAP nanoparticles were evaluated in vitro using osteoblasts cell line MC3T3-E1 to confirm the improved proliferation compared to bone cells grown with HAP without ion substitution. This study provides a bone material platform based on GelMA hydrogel that can deliver therapeutic ions in a biomimetic manner, and demonstrates the impact of ions on the osteogenic activity of cells.
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