Abstract
In the field of insect endocrinology, juvenile hormone (JH) is one of the most wondrous entomological terms. As a unique sesquiterpenoid hormone produced and released by the endocrine gland, corpus allatum (CA), JH is a critical regulator in multiple developmental and physiological processes, such as metamorphosis, reproduction, and behavior. Benefited from the precise genetic interventions and simplicity, the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is an indispensable model in JH studies. This review is aimed to present the regulatory factors on JH biosynthesis and an overview of the regulatory roles of JH in Drosophila. The future directions of JH studies are also discussed, and a few hot spots are highlighted.
Highlights
Juvenile hormone (JH) primarily produced and secreted from the corpus allatum (CA), fulfills essential roles in many aspects of insect physiology
CA cell size is proportional to the number of cellular components, which are likely correlated with the production capacity of JH, but the only increase of CA size might not be the principal factor for JH biosynthesis (Zhang J. et al, 2021)
In the past 20 years, much progress has been made in understanding the regulation of JH biosynthesis, and various factors have been identified in Drosophila, such as insulin (Tatar et al, 2001; Tu et al, 2005; Belgacem and Martin, 2007), ecdysteroids (Liu et al, 2018), miRNAs (Qu et al, 2017; Zhang J. et al, 2021), biogenic amines (Chiang et al, 2002; Gruntenko et al, 2005, 2007; Huang et al, 2011), Decapentaplegic (Dpp) (Huang et al, 2011), Ecdysistriggering hormone (ETH) (Meiselman et al, 2017, 2018), and sex peptide (SP) (Moshitzky et al, 1996; Bontonou et al, 2015; Schwenke and Lazzaro, 2017)
Summary
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Invertebrate Physiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Physiology. In the field of insect endocrinology, juvenile hormone (JH) is one of the most wondrous entomological terms. As a unique sesquiterpenoid hormone produced and released by the endocrine gland, corpus allatum (CA), JH is a critical regulator in multiple developmental and physiological processes, such as metamorphosis, reproduction, and behavior. Benefited from the precise genetic interventions and simplicity, the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is an indispensable model in JH studies. This review is aimed to present the regulatory factors on JH biosynthesis and an overview of the regulatory roles of JH in Drosophila. The future directions of JH studies are discussed, and a few hot spots are highlighted
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