Abstract
In recent years, there has been a rise in the emergence of arboviruses of public health importance, including Zika, chikungunya, dengue, and yellow fever viruses. Insecticide-based mosquito control has been the primary method for mitigating transmission of arboviruses. The consequences for the application of insecticides include both lethal and sublethal effects, and associated development of insecticide resistance. However, little is known about the influence on arboviral transmission. Mosquitoes with phenotypes that exhibit insecticide resistance or experience sublethal effects may be associated with altered susceptibility to arbovirus infection and transmission. Juvenile hormone analogs (JHAs) are insecticides that prevent pupa to adult molting of mosquitoes by mimicking the action of their natural juvenile hormone. Here, we examined whether the JHA pyriproxyfen interacts with ambient temperature (20 °C and 30 °C) during juvenile stages to influence life-history traits, population growth (λ'), and Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in Aedes aegypti. Development time of females was lengthened at 20 °C and in the presence of JHA. Prevention of pupa to adult molting by JHA was differentially higher at elevated temperature than low temperature. Size of females was larger at 20 °C and smaller at 30 °C. Infection, disseminated infection, and transmission of ZIKV in females were enhanced by JHA at both 20 °C and 30 °C relative to the controls. These results demonstrate that mosquito life-history and vector competence parameters are strongly influenced by interactive effects of JHA and temperature. The JHA-induced enhancement of ZIKV infection in females should be a consideration when implementing JHA in vector control strategies.
Highlights
The widespread deployment of insecticides for control of insect vectors of human pathogens has been in place for the better part of a century
These observations suggest that temperature may interact with Juvenile hormone analogs (JHAs) to influence mosquito life-history traits and other biological processes of adults relevant to infection with pathogens
We demonstrated that JHA, temperature, and their interaction influenced mosquito development rate, pupa-adult molting, size, and vector competence for Zika virus (ZIKV)
Summary
The widespread deployment of insecticides for control of insect vectors of human pathogens has been in place for the better part of a century. Those mosquitoes that avoid the lethal effects of insecticides, perhaps attributable to being resistant or having been exposed to a sublethal dose are of particular concern from a public health perspective These mosquitoes likely comprise a major portion of the adult population following insecticide treatment in areas most at risk for transmission and human infection. The efficacy of larval exposure to JHA in suppressing juvenile and adult survival in Ae. aegypti was altered under different temperature r egimes[31] These observations suggest that temperature may interact with JHA to influence mosquito life-history traits and other biological processes of adults relevant to infection with pathogens. The aim of our study was to assess the interactive effects of JHA and temperature on juveniles and adults of Ae. aegypti life-history traits, population growth, and responses to ZIKV infection
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