Abstract
Rock mass transloading from bunkers to conveyors or from conveyors to conveyors in quarries is accompanied by intense releases of dust into the atmosphere, which is a significant danger to the environment. The regularities of the interaction process between dust particles and droplets of a liquid (water) in polluted air flow are determined. It is established that when the pressure of compressed air is changed from 0.1 to 0.4 MPa (approximately in the range of 1 to 4 atm.), the average size of droplets decreases from 26 to 9 microns. Justification of the localization method of dust emissions into the atmosphere, arriving from the units of dust formation in crushing and sorting complexes of quarries, is done with the use of air-and-water ejectors − irrigators with highly efficient water use, sprayed with separate nozzles. Variants of air-and-water ejectors placement on dust formation sources are grounded. The choice of the optimal mode of air-and-water ejectors operation depends on the characteristic sizes of the formed dust particles, which are determined by the parameters of the crushing and sorting equipment in the quarry. Reducing dust emissions within the sanitary protection zone of the quarries prevents its dispersion in the adjacent zone.
Highlights
Mining enterprises activity leads to the formation of significant changes and transformation of environmental objects [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
Taking into account the above, the purpose of the work was to substantiate the method of localization of dust emissions from the sites of dust formation at the crushing and sorting complexes of quarries with the use of hydraulic sprinklers in the form of water ejectors
Where ri is the radius of the dust particles, μm; Rj is the radius of water droplets, μm; vij is the velocity of dust particles relative to water droplets, m/s; Eij is the coefficient of capture of dust particles by water droplets, particles of unit; υij and Nj are the calculated concentrations of dust particles per unit volume, units/dm3 interacting with the j-size fluid droplets, and these droplets, respectively
Summary
Mining enterprises activity leads to the formation of significant changes and transformation of environmental objects [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Open cast mining of mineral deposits results in atmospheric air pollution [8,9,10,11], violation of the geological environment [12,13,14,15,16] and land [17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26], depletion and pollution of water resources [27,28,29,30], the formation of significant volumes of man-made waste [31,32,33,34,35,36,37], etc Such a situation requires the improvement of methodological approaches to the comprehensive assessment and forecasting the negative effects of the enterprises’ operation [35,36,37,38,39], the development of technological schemes for the disturbed lands recultivation and the use of mining waste [29,30,31,32,33], as well as the development of environmental programs and strategies for the restoration and further use of industrial region territories [33, 39,40,41,42]. These machineries are located in the quarry at his benches, which reduces the dust escape outside the sanitary protection zone of the quarry due to a certain localization of the sources of its continuous formation and the dust deposition directly in the quarry
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