JUSTIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL AND DESIGN PARAMETERS OF THE COLTER FOR WINTER WHEAT SEEDING IN COTTON ROW-SPACING

Abstract

In Uzbekistan, over 800 thousand hectares of irrigated area are used to grow winter wheat in row-spacing of growing cotton. They are mainly sown by spreading, then seeded with cotton cultivators. Disadvantages of the spreading method are high seed rates by 30...40 % and excessive energy costs due to multiple (3...4 times) passes of the unit. However, the issues related to the establishment of the dependence of the quality of cereal crops in cotton row-spacing on the main parameters of the colter and the row profiles in Uzbekistan have not been adequately studied. In this regard, the materials of a theoretical study on the justification of technological and constructive parameters of the colter for sowing winter wheat seeds in the row-spacing of cotton are presented. As a result of the carried out research, it has been established that for the quality sowing and shaping of the seed beds the colter must be submerged in the soil to a depth of 2.0...4.0 cm. In order to form a slightly compacted furrow shape, the colter must be pressed to row-spacing surface. To ensure the non-heap of soil piles through the wings of the colter, their height should be 14...18 cm. In this case, the angle of installation of the wings in the continuous direction of colter movement should be equal to a = 47°, and the angle of the colter wing spread у = 69°. The given constructive parameters of the colter are optimal for sowing winter wheat seeds in the cotton row-spacing. The proposed new technology and colter design implements multi-row seeding from 5 (for 60 cm spacing to 9 rows (for rows between rows 90 cm). Due to formation of a new loose shape of the row spacing, the useful seed sowing area is increased by 9...22 % compared to the spreading method and conditions are provided for uniform seeding and obtain good and even sprouts.