Justification and static calculation of the adaptive moving counterweight of a single-bucket excavator

Abstract

The results of an analytical study of the effect of loads on the equipment of a single-bucket excavator are presented, and an analysis of previous studies is performed.
 The work highlights that the work process of a universal single-bucket excavator is a cycle of performing operations - digging and transporting soil.
 Universal excavators can perform work above and below the level of their parking lot with the working equipment of forward and reverse shovels or with the help of additional interchangeable equipment.
 During the work process, static and dynamic loads occur on the machine and mechanisms, which affect the stability of the machine and safety on the work site.
 To increase the stability of single-bucket universal excavators when working on an inclined plane and increase the efficiency of the machine in quarries, construction sites, when disassembling rubble after man-made disasters, accidents, and military operations, it is necessary to create a balancing mechanism of automatic action.
 The calculation of the stability of a universal single-bucket excavator with an adaptive movable counterweight with working equipment forward and reverse shovel in the basic calculation positions, which are performed when calculating universal single-bucket excavators, has been developed. For an excavator equipped with a reverse shovel, the calculation is made for two positions. Calculation of the stability of an excavator with straight shovel equipment, performed for four positions.
 Due to the adaptive movable counterweight, an additional, adjustable, arm appears, which automatically balances the system when necessary.
 Thanks to the automatic system, the single-bucket excavator can work and move on a more inclined plane, the moving counterweight will balance the machine itself, and it is also possible to increase the holding moment and prevent the excavator from tipping over.
 The expediency of using an adaptive moving counterweight for single-bucket excavators is described. Examples of the use of a movable counterweight in other machines are given. The analysis of related studies was performed and the expediency of using an adaptive moving counterweight in them was substantiated. Preliminary studies in the development of a movable counterweight for single-bucket excavators are provided. The calculation of the stability of a single-bucket excavator with an adaptive movable counterweight in the main design positions has been developed.