Justice Delayed is Justice Denied: The Effect of Procedural Justice and Procedural Timeliness on Citizenship Behavior of Pakistani Employees: A Moderated Mediatory Framework

Abstract

According to various studies, procedural justice is affected by a range of positive behaviors and attitudes; however, when justice is considered as the primary objective of the decision-making process, certain other aspects of the process are completely ignored. This is a study that examined one of these ignored aspects; that is “procedural timeliness”. The term can be explained as “the level to where you exactly start and to end the whole procedure within a given time period”. We tried to answer a crucial question: whether employees are only concerned about fair procedural justice or the time a procedure takes for completion is also a matter of concern for them? Outlaw et. al. (2019) examined the benefits of procedural justice in the integrative theory-based model. We modified Outlaw’s model to include the complementarities among procedural justice and timeliness in influencing OCB. We hypothesize that procedural justice increase group identification, trust, and reduce anxiety and anger. These factors in turn affect OCB. OCB is also directly inclined by Practical justice and suitability i.e. Justice without timeliness would reduce OCB. A survey was conducted for the formation of Empirical authority by using a questionnaire. Collecting data from 354 employees including supervisors and examined by the use of positive factor analysis and to arrange an equation modeling. The outcomes suggested procedural justice positively with significantly affect identification, trust, anxiety, and anger. Anger and identification in turn affect OCB. Procedural justice also has a direct and positive effect on OCB. Timeliness doesn’t directly affect OCB; however, it significantly and positively moderates the justice and OCB nexus. Hence, the findings imply that justice without timeliness doesn’t induce citizenship behavior in employees.