‘Just’ access to electricity: Energy justice in Indonesia’s rural electrification (LISDES) program

Abstract

This study examined issues that emerge from Indonesia’s rural electrification (LISDES) program. A qualitative study was used as an approach. Document analysis and semi-structured interviews are the methods selected for data collection. Using energy justice as an analytical framework, three categories of energy injustices were identified in the program: distributive, procedural, and recognition injustice. Unequal income to pay electricity bills; uneven geographical conditions; and unequal distribution of the population were identified as the elements of distributive injustice. Inadequate access to informational disclosure on the problems and solutions of the program; lack of meaningful participation of subnational actors; and lack of a comprehensive law and regulatory framework in place to protect private sectors in the program were demonstrated as the elements of procedural injustice. Lastly, a lack of understanding of the various meanings of electricity as the key to public welfare; and non-recognition of distinctive socioeconomic characteristics in various locations of Indonesia were found as the key elements of recognition injustice. These findings suggest that to achieve 'just' access to electricity in the LISDES program, it is critical to address all elements of energy injustice identified in the program and clearly define long-term goals for the program.