Juridical Review on the Mandatory Biodiesel Program for Maintaining National Energy Security in Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia commits to reducing emissions by 29% (unconditional) or 41% (conditional) in 2030, which can be achieved by encouraging the use of new and renewable energy (NRE) by 23% in 2025 while realizing national energy security. A biofuel development plan through a mandatory biodiesel program and green fuel utilization is the main priority to reduce fossil fuel consumption and achieve the energy mix target. As of January 1, 2020, through the mandatory biodiesel program, biodiesel utilization reached 30% (B30) for all diesel engine sectors, which is the highest biodiesel blending program in the world. However, the gap between government policies with emission regulation and existing vehicle technologies in this country might provide challenges in strengthening the sustainability of mandatory biodiesel programs. This study used a normative juridical method to assess the policy and enhance the regulation of the mandatory biodiesel program by obtaining library materials, theories, concepts, principles, and existing rules related to the law perspective. An appropriate and consistent energy mix policy, including its long-term strategy to increase biofuel utilization and maintain a mandatory biodiesel program, is needed to achieve a reducing emissions target. It is essential to strengthen and clarify the policy and road map. The vehicle technology and fuel quality were also crucial for enhancing emission regulation and eliminating low-quality fuels, maintaining a sustained biodiesel program, and achieving national energy security.