Abstract
ABSTRACTWe present results from a multiwavelength observation of Jupiter’s northern aurorae, carried out simultaneously by XMM–Newton, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and the Hisaki satellite in 2019 September. HST images captured dawn storms and injection events in the far-ultraviolet aurora several times during the observation period. Magnetic reconnection occurring in the middle magnetosphere caused by internal drivers is thought to start the production of those features. The field lines then dipolarize, which injects hot magnetospheric plasma from the reconnection site to enter the inner magnetosphere. Hisaki observed an impulsive brightening in the dawnside Io plasma torus (IPT) during the final appearance of the dawn storms and injection events, which is evidence that a large-scale plasma injection penetrated the central IPT between 6 and 9RJ (Jupiter radii). The extreme ultraviolet aurora brightened and XMM–Newton detected an increase in the hard X-ray aurora count rate, suggesting an increase in electron precipitation. The dawn storms and injections did not change the brightness of the soft X-ray aurora and they did not ‘switch-on’ its commonly observed quasi-periodic pulsations. Spectral analysis of the X-ray aurora suggests that the precipitating ions responsible for the soft X-ray aurora were iogenic and that a power-law continuum was needed to fit the hard X-ray part of the spectra. The spectra coincident with the dawn storms and injections required two power-law continua to get good fits.
Highlights
This meeting aims at advancing our understanding of the magnetospheres of the four giant planets and their interactions with the solar wind, planetary atmospheres and magnetic fields, as well as with their moons
We present a combination of the results from a test particle model used to trace energetic electrons upon electromagnetic fields generated by the AIKEF hybrid code and upstream measurements from the Low Energy Magnetospheric Measurements System (LEMMS) instrument to estimate the local contributions of the precipitating energetic electrons to the ionization of Titan’s atmosphere
We find that magnetic field line draping and pile-up leads to shielding and drastically reduced flux at low latitudes across Europa’s trailing hemisphere
Summary
Observations from Juno’s extended mission will provide new insight into Io’s plasma torus and its variability with Io’s activity, the space environment near Europa as well as the highly debated topic of whether Jupiter’s polar magnetosphere is open or closed to the solar wind. In this presentation, we will briefly discuss the many scientific mysteries Juno has revealed and discuss the key magnetospheric science objectives for the extended mission in more detail. We illustrate the effect of using velocity-depend charge-exchange cross-sections in numerical simulations of the multi-species plasma/atmosphere interaction at Io
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