Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective To evaluate the effect of jumping in aquatic environment on nociception and in the soleus muscle of trained and not trained Wistar rats, in the treatment of compressive neuropathy of the sciatic nerve.Methods Twenty-five Wistar rats were distributed into five groups: Control, Lesion, Trained + Lesion, Lesion + Exercise, and Trained + Lesion + Exercise. The training was jumping exercise in water environment for 20 days prior to injury, and treatment after the injury. Nociception was evaluated in two occasions, before injury and seven after injury. On the last day of the experiment, the right soleus muscles were collected, processed and analyzed as to morphology and morphometry.Results In the assessment of nociception in the injury site, the Control Group had higher average than the rest, and the Lesion Group was larger than the Trained + Lesion and Lesion + Exercise Groups. The Control Group showed higher nociceptive threshold in paw, compared to the others. In the morphometric analysis, in relation to Control Group, all the injured groups showed decreased muscle fiber area, and in the Lesion Group was lower than in the Lesion + Exercise Group and Trained + Lesion Group. Considering the diameter of the muscle fiber, the Control Group had a higher average than the Trained + Lesion Group and the Trained + Lesion + Exercise Group; and the Lesion Group showed an average lower than the Trained + Lesion and Lesion + Exercise Groups.Conclusion Resistance exercise produced increased nociception. When performed prior or after nerve damage, it proved effective in avoiding hypotrophy. The combination of the two protocols led to decrease in diameter and area of the muscle fiber.
Highlights
Peripheral nerve disorders are common conditions in clinical practice.[1]
The evaluations 1 to 3 were lower than the evaluation 4 and the evaluations 6 to 8 (p
The Control Group was higher than the others, and the Lesion Group was higher than the Trained + Lesion and the Lesion + Exercise Groups (p
Summary
Peripheral nerve disorders are common conditions in clinical practice.[1]. They directly affect muscle functions, because they may interrupt neuromuscular communication,(2) trigger several phenomena that lead to degeneration, and negatively affect its functionality and structure. Among the alterations in morphology are an increase in intramuscular connective tissue and a disarrangement and atrophy of the muscle, evidenced by a decrease in the cross-sectional area of the muscle and the muscle fibers.[3] In addition, peripheral nerve lesions (PNL) result in pain along the nerve pathway and reduced or lost sensitivity and motricity at the innervated site, which, in turn, result in functional limitations.[4,5]. There are several forms of treatment, including surgical interventions, which have relatively poor functional outcomes, and non-surgical therapeutic approaches.[2] Among these, physical exercise after injury stands out, to avoid functional losses during nerve regeneration.[6] Muscle fibers are highly adaptable, depending on the stimuli used, as these can alter their metabolism and size; prevent the effects of muscle denervation; improve neuromuscular transmission; and potentiate neuroplasticity.[7]. There are very few studies in the literature on muscle treatment models in animals with pre-injury physical training and the association between the two protocols.[7,8,11] It is interesting to evaluate exercises for the soleus muscle, which is predominantly composed of oxidative fibers,(12) and is innervated by the sciatic nerve, which has a validated compression model.[13]
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