Abstract
Almost forgotten today, Jules Alexandrinus de Neustain was one of the celebrities of his day. He was born with a silver spoon in his mouth, as his father was Pierre Alexandrinus, secretary to the emperor and a lawyer of marked ability. Jules was educated at Padua where he studied first philosophy, mathematics and Greek, and then medicine. He bent his entire energies to his work and soon became celebrated for his cures and his learning. It is said that in 1566 Emperor Ferdinand II made him imperial archiater, and this position of honor and responsibility he held under Maximilian II and Rudolph II. Maximilian showered honors on him, confirmed his titles of nobility and permitted him to transmit his titles and the name of de Neustain to his sons, although they were not legitimate. There is some difference of opinion as to whether Alexandrinus retired on account of age, but
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