Jujube Powder Enhances Cyclophosphamide Efficiency against Murine Colon Cancer by Enriching CD8+ T Cells While Inhibiting Eosinophilia.

Huiren Zhuang,Guoqiang Jiang,Nan Jing,Luoyang Wang,Zheng Liu

doi:10.3390/nu13082700

Abstract

Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is widely applied in cancer treatment. However, the outcome is often compromised by lymphopenia, myelosuppression, and gut dysbiosis. Here, we used jujube powder to enhance CTX efficiency through nurturing gut microbiota in order to facilitate favorable metabolisms. It was observed that the oral administration of jujube powder enriched CD8+ T cells in mouse MC38 colon tumor microenvironment and increased the diversity of gut microbiota and the abundance of Bifidobacteriales, which is helpful to the production of butyrate in the cecum content. The application of jujube powder also stimulated the production of white blood cells, especially CD8+ T cells in peripheral and bone marrow, while inhibiting the growth of eosinophils in peripheral blood and the production of IL-7 and GM-CSF in serum. All these are conductive to the significant inhibition of the tumor growth, suggesting the high potential of nurturing gut microbiota with natural products for improving the efficiency of chemotherapy.

Highlights

Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents are widely applied in cancer treatment, in conjunction with neoplasm [1,2]
We found that jujube increased the concentration of SCFA butyrate in cecum during cyclophosphamide treatment, which promoted the percentage of CD8+ T cells of total T cells in peripheral blood
We observed that jujube powder raised the diversity of gut microbiota

Summary

Introduction

Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents are widely applied in cancer treatment, in conjunction with neoplasm [1,2]. The efficacy is dose-dependent and often accompanied with adverse effects, such as lymphopenia [3,4], myelosuppression [5], multi-organ failure [6], and gastrointestinal mucositis [7]. The reduction of dose, may compromise the effectiveness of chemotherapy [8]. Recent years have witnessed the growing efforts to explore the interaction between gut microbiome and chemotherapy. Chemotherapeutic agents alter the abundance and composition of gut microbiota, leading to immune responses or adverse effects [9]. Viaud et al found that CTX induced the translocation of commensals into secondary lymphoid organs and enhanced therapeutic immunomodulatory effects by increasing memory T helper (Th1) and Th17 responses via NOD2 receptors [10]

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Discussion

Conclusion