JPEG steganalysis based on steganographic feature enhancement and graph attention learning

Abstract

The purpose of image steganalysis is to determine whether the carrier image contains hidden information or not. Since JPEG is the most commonly used image format over social networks, steganalysis in JPEG images is also the most urgently needed to be explored. However, in order to detect whether secret information is hidden within JPEG images, the majority of existing algorithms are designed in conjunction with the popular computer vision related networks without considering the key characteristics of image steganalysis. It is crucial that the steganographic signal, as an extremely weak signal, can be enhanced during its representation learning process. Motivated by this insight, we introduce a representation learning algorithm for JPEG steganalysis that is mainly consisting of a graph attention learning (GAL) module and a feature enhancement module. The GAL module is designed to avoid global feature loss caused by the local feature learning of convolutional neural network and reliance on depth stacking to extend the perceptual domain. The feature enhancement module is applied to prevent the stacking of convolutional layers from weakening the steganographic information. In addition, pretraining as a way to initialize the network weights with a large-scale dataset is utilized to enhance the ability of the network to extract discriminative features. We advocate pretraining with ALASKA2 for the model trained with BOSSBase + BOWS2. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms previous arts in terms of detection accuracy, which has verified the superiority and applicability of the proposed work.