Joyce Carol Oates Traduz um Autor Português: Ela Própria

Farsça, Osmanlı eğitim sisteminde XV. yüzyıldan başlayarak XX. yüzyılın ikinci çeyreğine kadar ders olarak okutulmuş bir dildir. XV. yüzyılın başlarından itibaren Farsça, tasavvufi düşüncenin gelişimi ve Mesnevî ’nin anlaşılması amacıyla tekkelerde de ders olarak okutulmuştur. Abdullah Salâhaddîn-i Uşşâkî adıyla da tanınan ve Uşşâkiyye tarikatının üçüncü piri olarak bilinen Salâhî, XVIII. yüzyılda Osmanlılar devrinde yaşamış Halvetî-Uşşâkî şeyhlerindendir. Hem Arapçaya hem de Farsçaya hakimiyeti olan âlim, şair ve şarih bir zattır. Salâhî’nin eski kaynaklarda toplamda bugünkünden daha çok eserinin olduğu söylense de günümüzde 12 adet telif eser, 11 adet şerh ve 8 adet tercümesiyle toplamda 31 adet eserinin olduğu bilinmektedir. Osmanlı Türkçesiyle yazılan Mecma-i fenn-i zerâfet , Salâhî’nin Farsça gramer konusunda kaleme aldığı telif eserlerinden biridir. Eser, erken dönemlerde sözlüklerde açıklanan gramer konularının düzenlenerek bir kitapta toplanması ve Arapça yazılan Farsça gramerlerin de anlaşılmasındaki zorluğun giderilmesi amacıyla Osmanlı Türkçesiyle yazılmıştır. Mecma-i fenn-i zerâfet adlı eserde müellifin istifade ettiğini söylediği kaynaklar, kütüphanelerdeki kataloglarda farklı adlarla kaydedilmiş ve eserlerle ilgili bilgiler eksik verilmiştir. Bu makalede, Farsçanın tarihi seyri konusunda kısa bir bilgiden sonra hem Salâhî’nin Mecma-i fenn-i zerâfet adlı eser hem de istifade ettiğini söylediği Kavâid-i Fürs ile Mefâtîh-i deriyye adlı eserlerle ilgili bilgiler verilmiş ve Mecma-i fenn-i zerâfet adlı eser tanıtılmıştır.

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This paper discusses a poetry translation, Love & Misadventure by Lang Leav into Indonesian translated by Aan Mansyur. The purpose of this study is to determine how the translator considers the translation techniques used to translate the poem into the target language and its impact of the translation quality in terms of accuracy and readability. Translation techniques are the means of delivery thought through the use of poetic language such as the repetition and rhyme of the poem. This research is descriptive-qualitative research which applies a purposive sampling technique. The data of this research are 30 poems. Two methods of data collection were applied; content analysis and Focus Group Discussion. The result of analysis provides two results. The first is the analysis show that the translation technique that dominantly used by the translator is Established Equivalence. There are 11 techniques which are applied in translating the selected poem, they are; established equivalent, modulation, amplification, variation, compensation, discursive creation, transposition, particularization, pure borrowing, literal, and reduction. The second is the translation quality of the translation. Most of the data of the poem belong to accurate and readable translation. It shows that there are 20 (67%) data of accurate translation, 10 (33%) data of less accurate translation, and there is no inaccurate translation. The research findings indicates that dealing with accuracy, established equivalence produce most accurate translation and dominantly used to translate the poem. It is due to the fact that Leav’s poem consist of simple style of language and choice of words. Meanwhile, discursive creation produces a less accurate translation. Dealing with readability, there are 27 data (90%) which are classified as readable translation, 2 data (7%) which are classified as less readable, and 1 datum (3%) is classified as unreadable translation from 30 data. All translation techniques used to translate the poem that is found in this research bring positive impact to the level of readability which means they are easy to be understood.

The purpose of this paper is to review the medical literature in the topic of the self-assessment of singing voice, describe the instruments that have been used for this purpose, describe the process of their creation and validation and point out topics of research needed in this area in Portugal. Traditionally, the evaluation of the disease or the assessments of the treatment outcomes were based in clinical observation and exams like laryngoscopy. Only recently the impact of disease in the quality-of-life of the patients, from their own perspective, was considered. Self-reported questionnaires include assessment of multidimensional aspects of the disease like impairment, disability and handicap. These instruments are very robust statistically, making them interesting for clinical purposes and for being used universally in investigation. More than ten self-reported questionnaires were created for the speaking voice, but the Voice Handicap Index (VHI), created in 1997, and consisting of 30 items divided into three different subscales: physical, functional and emotional, has shown to be superior to other instruments. VHI is adequate to the study of a greater variety of vocal pathologies and is superior in determining the modification in voice complains that results from treatments. The VHI has also become more popular, being already translated into 14 languages, including portuguese from Portugal. The first instrument designed specifically for self-evaluation of singing voice was created in Belgium in 2005 but it was in the U.S., in 2007, that other instrument was created that is considered the reference in this area - the Singing Voice Handicap Index (SVHI). The SVHI proved that there are factors specific to the singing voice that can be identified and the instrument is more sensitive than the VHI to detect changes in voice and to evaluate the efficacy of the treatments. It would be interesting to translate and validate the instrument into Portuguese from Portugal, to offer this instrument to the otolaryngologists who treat singers and want an objective assessment of the impact of disease and treatment outcomes in these patients. The process of translation and validation for Portuguese SVHI has started in the Voice Clinics of the Hospital de Egas Moniz, and is now nearing completion.

Redefining marks - mark, space, axis, function - towards a (new) theory of punctuation on historical principles, John lennard (T)o correspond with you in green-covered volumes - George Eliot, G.H. Lewes and the production of her books, Gail Elizabeth Korn signs in the text - the role of epigraphs, footnotes and typography in clarifying the narrator character relationship in Stendhal's Le Rouge et le Noir, David Scott annotating anonymity, or putting a gloss on the The Shepheardes Calendar, Richard A. McCabe the critic in the texts - footnotes and marginalia in the epiloge to Aladair Gray's Lanark - A Life in Four Books, Glyn White tranplanted into more congemnial soil - footnoting the self in the poetry of Charlotte Smith, Jacueline Labbe the meaning of the margin - white spaces and disagreement in Whistler's The Gentle Art of making Enemies, Nick Frankel Attending to the Minute - Richardson's revisions of italics in Pamela, Joe Bray the re-mark-able rise of... - reading ellipsis marks in literary texts, Anne C. Henry where the angels fear to read, Randall McCleod editing marks - historical readings and editorial practice, Kelvin Everest editing Keat's hands, Bharat Tandon speaking commas/reading commas - punctuating Mansfield Park, Kathryn Sutherland seeing the rythym - an interpretation of 16th-century punctuation and metrical practice, Ros King performing dramatic marks - stage directions and the revival of caste, Miriam Handley editing Aubrey, Kate Bennett typographic translation - the Portuguese edition of Tristram Shandy (1997-98), Manuel Portela ma(r)king the electronic text - how, why and for whom?, Peter Robinson endnote - what is text?, Jerome McGann.

Data for: “Democratic and judicial stagnation,” in: Pathways to judicial power in transitional states: Perspectives from African courts

تأثیر تحولات «میدان» نشر بر «عادتواره» مترجمان ادبی از ۱۳۲۰ تا ۱۳۴۵

A challenge in public health research has been to promote the use of the scientific knowledge produced in health action strategies and policies more effective, adequate, that thus translate into health gain. Knowledge Translation therefore has been of critical relevance for health research. In this article it is aimed to reflect on how knowledge translation was pursued and enhanced in a participatory HIV/ AIDS research project. Project PREVIH’s goal was to contribute to promote sexual health, reduce HIV transmission and improve access to healthcare among Men who have Sex with Men and Sex Workers in Portugal, as well as promote capacity-building and advocacy among the several ators involved. Through participatory approach, the project turned to be itself an intervention that, as a social innovation process, contributed for the creation of new synergies and for the system change, altering existing activities, creating new roles and redistributing and changing resources throughout the network. This experience triggered a dynamic and interactive process of knowledge production and translation into effective initiatives for communities’ health improvement.

Ibn Athaillah As-Sakandariy is a writter of Al-Hikam. He was Egyptian mystical author and hagiographer. He was a follower of Shafi’i and/or Maliki religious scholar, and also prominent member of the Shadililiya thariqah . The most influential of the 20 d works credited to him is the Book of Aphoristic Wisdom ( Kitāb Al-Hikam ). This book of aphorism had been translated into Javanese language by MishbāchZainil-Mushthafa Al-BangilaniyAth-Thubaniy. In this Javanese translation book, there are two side of translation, literal and free translation. This article will investigate the textual equivalence between Arabic (L1) and Javanese (L2) in the aphorism book of Al-Hikam. This research had been used the qualitative method. The data will be analyzed by the descriptive method (describing the structure of language). The methods in this research was divided into three basic parts: (1) collecting the data, (2) analysis the data, and (3) reporting the data. Collecting the data had been used the observation method to gain the informations about Theme and Rheme in Arabic-Javanese translation. First problem is about the thematic structure between Arabic and Javanese translation (theme and rheme), or Information structure between L1 and L2 (given and new). The second problem, this article will elaborate the strategies for minimizing linear dislocation in the Aphorsim book of Al-Hikam. There are four strategies for resolving the tension between syntactic and communicative functions in Arabic-Javanese translation, such as: (1) voice change, (2) change of verb, (3) nominalization, and (4) extraposition. Keywords: Textual Equivalence, Arabic-Javanese Translation, Aphorsim, Al-Hikam.

Translation and identity in the Americas (2008) is written by professor Edwin Gentzler, an American translation theorist. The author tackles the role played by translation in shaping the American identity and suggests that translation is one of the primary tools of shaping cultures. The writing style of this book resembles very much to a research paper. Nevertheless, the use of very complex structures makes it difficult to understand. The author has taken advantage of many resources and gone on many research travels in order to formulate his work. It is classified under postcolonial studies and examines fairly new topics about cultural and linguistic translation issues. While some factors such as multilingual and original topics raised or unfamiliar grammatical structures of the book have increased the complexity of its reading and understanding, studying the book is useful to translation scholars. The present book is an important research resource for students and scholars

L’Egypte nasserienne, Editions de Minuit, 1964. (with the pseudonym Hassan Riad), Translation into Spanish.

The study explores on the application of modality reflecting the ideology by the author, Dale Carnegie, in ‘How to tn Friends and Influence People’ book and how the translator rendered them through the selection of translation techniques into Bagaimana Mencari Kawan dan Mempengaruhi Orang Lain . By carrying Teun A. Van Dijk’s socio-cognitive model in determining the ideology and Simpson’s Language, Ideology and Point of View in determining the modality, we analyse the ideological expressions applied through the modalities and the Indonesian translated version. Dijk’s model was chosen since it represents the genre of this book that he brings a great theme to his ideology by directing it to social cognition. The modalities found in this research are epistemic, boulomaic, evaluative adjective, evaluative adverb and deontic. These modalities were translated into Indonesian using 10 (ten) translation techniques initiated by Molina & Albir (2002) and rated with the model of translation quality assessment from Nababan et al. (2012). The techniques which lead to the good of translation quality were established equivalent, transposition, amplification, (obligatory) modulation, and compensation. In general, the translator has been able to render the author's ideology manifested in modalities by applying these translation techniques. Thus, translator’s competency in choosing the right translation techniques shows his or her capability in comprehending the context of situation, elements of ideology in accordance with the genre, function and communicative purpose of the text.

There is a wide interconnexion in the process of composition and transmission of texts between Castile, Galicia and Portugal in the Middle Ages. In this essay I analyse some cases of this close relationship between Castile and the western part of the Iberian Peninsula, and present a range of examples of the complex construction and evolution of quite a good number of texts, both historical (Chronicle of Alfonse X, Chronicle of Castile, Galician translation, Chronicle of 1344 —Portuguese and Spanish—, Chronicle of 1404, Chronicle of the Moor Rasis) and literary (Trojan Chronicle, The Holy Grail, Merlin, The Book of Tristram). I compare the different texts and try to emphasize the essential importance of many cases of the texts elaborated in the West of the Iberian Peninsula.

In April of 1999, several well known fadistas traveled from Lisbon to Wales to perform in the Fifth Annual “Giving Voice” Festival organized by Performance Research International in Aberwystwyth. I had been asked to present a historical lecture comparing fado and flamenco as the preamble to a workshop devoted to the two Iberian musics. Preparing to address several hundred Welsh aficionados, I assembled my lecture notes at a small wooden podium as the fadistas settled into nearby chairs, poised to perform live musical excerpts of fado’s twentieth century evolution. I began my presentation by citing a newly published book which challenged select assumptions concerning fado’s origins. Hoping to draw the crowd’s attention, I described Jose Ramos Tinhorao’s (1994) theory that fado’s roots can be traced to early nineteenth century Brazil, where African traditions inspired a dance form influenced by the seductive Afro-Brazilian “lundu.” The audience members were not as much riveted by my discussion of the latest advances in fado scholarship, as they were by my co-panelists’ impassioned response to it. Rising spontaneously, buoyed by the palpable agitation of his fellow musicians, the guitarist stood up and spoke directly to the audience, “These are the ideas of pseudo-intellectuals. Don’t believe them! They are plain wrong. Fado is Portuguese. Fado was born in Portugal. Fado did not come from Brazil. If it ended up in Brazil, it is because we brought it there. Fado is ours.” This experience introduced me to the high stakes involved in a debate I had thought was simply an academic one. The origins of fado, widely perceived as Portugal’s “national song,” have been the subject of over a century of scholarly speculation and surmise. Over the last several decades, however, in a complex dance “a desafio”-full of twists, turns and the occasional umbigada, fado scholars have challenged certain previously held beliefs making way for what might be perceived as a paradigm shift in the explanation of fado’s cultural genesis. This paper provides a review of the new wave of fado scholarship, paying particular attention to the origins debate and the way in which older notions have been revised according to Portuguese post-colonial theories of the “Brown Atlantic” and its characteristic triangulation between Portugal, Brazil and Africa.

موضوعات اخلاقی متعددی باید در ارتباط با پژوهش جدی گرفته شوند. پژوهشگران باید از مسؤولیت خود جهت حفظ منافع و دسترسی افراد درگیر با پژوهش آگاه باشند. این پژوهش با هدف اندازه گیری اخلاق پژوهش در بین دانشجویان دورۀ کارشناسی ارشد و دکتری به عنوان پژوهشگران انجام شده است. دانشگاه تهران به عنوان نمونۀ مطالعاتی انتخاب شده است. تعداد 323 پرسشنامه بر اساس روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی تکمیل شده است. از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی فازی جهت وزن دهی شاخص‌ها استفاده شده است و با استفاده از آزمون t فرضیه‌های پژوهش مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، شاخص رفتار ناشایست دارای بیشترین اهمیت در بین شاخص‌های اخلاق پژوهش است. همچنین، از نتایج آزمون فرضیه‌ها مشخص شده است معیارهای اخلاق پژوهش؛ مانند: پاسخگویی، صداقت، رفتار ناشایست، حریم خصوصی و گمنامی در جامعۀ آماری با اطمینان 95 درصد قابل قبول هستند؛ اما تنها شاخص حقیقت‌جویی در بین دانشجویان دانشگاه تهران در هاله‌ای از ابهام است.