Abstract
Book XVIII of Josephus' Jewish Antiquities concludes with an account of two incidents in the history of the Jews in Babylonia during the first century C.E. The first incident is the rise to power of two Jewish brothers from Nehardea who eventually rule (part of) Babylonia with the consent of the Parthian king. The second incident is a massacre of the Jews in Seleucia on the Tigris. The first part of the article attempts to identify the rival factions in Seleucia whose conflict, according to the Antiquities, was the background of the massacre. It is argued that this conflict was between the old Greco-Macedonian families and hellenized, wealthy Babylonians who had been admitted to citizenship in the po/is of Seleucia. The second part of the article argues that the sequential relation between the two incidents in the Antiquities is secondary and unhistorical. In reality the two incidents were simultaneous.
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