Josephson-like currents in graphene for arbitrary time-dependent potential barriers

Abstract

From the exact solution of the Dirac-Weyl equation we find unusual currents j y running in y-direction parallel to a time-dependent scalar potential barrier W(x, t) placed upon a monolayer of graphene, even for vanishing momentum component p y . In their sine-like dependence on the phase difference of wave functions, describing left and right moving Dirac fermions, these currents resemble Josephson currents in superconductors, including the occurance of Shapiro steps at certain frequencies of potential oscillations. The Josephson-like currents are calculated for several specific time-dependent barriers. A novel type of resonance is discovered when, accounting for the Fermi velocity, temporal and spatial frequencies match.