Abstract

Josephson junctions (JJ) and superconducting tunnel junctions (STJ) are key elements of low-critical temperature ( T c ) superconducting devices and circuits. Typical structures, major materials, fabrication, and practical applications of JJ and STJ are described. 100-pixel radiation detectors at around 0.3 K and integrated circuits with 10 4 JJ and/or 9 vertically-stacked electrodes at 4–12 K are almost fully operation.

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