Abstract
The Overhauser magnetometer is a scalar quantum magnetometer based on the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) effect in the Earth’s magnetic field. Sensitivity is a key technical specification reflecting the ability of instruments to sense small variations of the Earth’s magnetic field and is closely related to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the free induction decay (FID) signal. In this study, deuterated 15N TEMPONE radical is used in our sensor to obtain high DNP enhancement. The measured SNR of the FID signal is approximately 63/1, and the transverse relaxation time T2 is 2.68 s. The direct measurement method with a single instrument and the synchronous measurement method with two instruments are discussed for sensitivity estimation in time and frequency domains under different electromagnetic interference (EMI) environments and different time periods. For the first time, the correlation coefficient of the magnetic field measured by the two instruments is used to judge the degree of the influence of the environmental noise on the sensitivity estimation. The sensitivity evaluation in the field environment is successfully realized without electrical and magnetic shields. The direct measurement method is susceptible to EMI and cannot work in general electromagnetic environments, except it is sufficiently quiet. The synchronous measurement method has an excellent ability to remove most natural and artificial EMIs and can be used under noisy environments. Direct and synchronous experimental results show that the estimated sensitivity of the JOM-4S magnetometer is approximately 0.01 nT in time domain and approximately 0.01 nT/ in frequency domain at a 3 s cycling time. This study provides a low-cost, simple, and effective sensitivity estimation method, which is especially suitable for developers and users to estimate the performance of the instrument.
Highlights
The proton magnetometer is a scalar quantum magnetometer that is based on the Larmor precession of hydrogen protons in the Earth’s magnetic field
This study provides a low-cost, simple, and effective sensitivity estimation method, which is especially suitable for developers and users to estimate the performance of the instrument
In accordance with different polarization modes of hydrogen protons, proton magnetometers can be divided into two types: the first type is the classical proton precession magnetometer (PPM), which was first implemented by Packard, Varian, and Waters [1,2,3]
Summary
The proton magnetometer is a scalar quantum magnetometer that is based on the Larmor precession of hydrogen protons in the Earth’s magnetic field. In accordance with different polarization modes of hydrogen protons, proton magnetometers can be divided into two types: the first type is the classical proton precession magnetometer (PPM), which was first implemented by Packard, Varian, and Waters [1,2,3]. This type of magnetometer uses a bias magnetic field perpendicular to the Earth’s magnetic field to orient the hydrogen proton moment to the direction of the combined magnetic field. The OVM is similar to the PPM, except that the sensor design and the polarization strategies are different
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