Joint Nodes and Sink Mobility Based Immune Routing-Clustering Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Recently, mobile wireless sensor network has drawn attention widely. In this paper, Joint Nodes and Sink Mobility based Immune routing-Clustering protocol (JNSMIC) is proposed to support the mobility of the sink and the sensor nodes together. It depends on using the mobile sink for solving the hot spot problem and the Multi-Objective Immune Algorithm (MOIA) for clustering the network and finding the visiting locations of the mobile sink. The JNSMIC protocol considers different objectives during the clustering process, namely the consumption energy, network coverage, link connection time (LCT), residual energy and mobility. Also, it reduces the computational time of finding cluster heads (CHs) by dividing it into two phases. In the first phase, the candidate CHs set is formed based on residual energy, mobility factor and LCT of sensor nodes. While in the second phase, the MOIA algorithm is utilized to determine the final CHs subject to reducing the communication cost, improving the packet delivery ratio and ensuring network stability. JNSMIC performs the clustering process only if the remaining energy is below a threshold value thus the computational time and overhead control packets are reduced. In JNSMIC, the deputy CH concept is considered to perform the task of CH during CH failure. Furthermore, the proposed protocol performs a fault-tolerance process after transmitting each frame to maintain the link stability among CHs and their members which improves the throughput. Simulation results show that the JNSMIC protocol can effectively ameliorate the throughput while simultaneously giving lower energy expenditure and end-to-end delay.