Abstract
In this paper, we focus on the design of energy self-sustainable mobile networks by enabling intelligent energy management that allows the base stations to mostly operate off-grid by using renewable energies. Many papers are available in the literature on this problem, and however, we are approaching this issue from a different angle. In fact, we advocate for future mobile networks with a hierarchical cell structure and powered by energy harvesting hardware. Base stations within the same geographical area are grouped in a micro-grid and operate almost autonomously from the power grid. To achieve this goal, we target the design of the optimal traffic and computational load control method with energy sharing within the micro-grid. We solve the optimization problem using a graph-based method, and we demonstrate, via software simulations, that a combination of load control plus energy sharing represents a viable and economically convenient solution for enabling energy self-sustainability of mobile networks grouped in micro-grids.
Highlights
Over the last decade, we have experienced an intense research effort for green communication networks, specially in the mobile sector, which is considered the driver of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
We considered a square area with a side of 1 km and one Macro BSs (MBSs) located in the center providing baseline coverage and computing resources
In the discussion presented we refer to January February, October, November and December as winter months; the remaining part of the year is considered as summer
Summary
We have experienced an intense research effort for green communication networks, specially in the mobile sector, which is considered the driver of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Energy is one of the key performance indicators of network equipment, as reported in the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standard [1] and in 3GPP specifications [2]. Energy is becoming an important portion of the operational expenditures (OPEX), and its intelligent management is considered crucial for network design and operation. Telecom operators consume 254 TWh per year (77% of the worldwide electricity consumption of the ICT) with an annual growth rate higher than 10% [3]. The carbon footprint of mobile networks was comparable with the
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