Joint implementation of tradable credit and road pricing in public-private partnership networks considering mixed equilibrium behaviors

Abstract

This paper investigates joint road charging schemes in a public-private partnership (PPP) network by simultaneously taking into account Cournot-Nash (CN) players and user equilibrium (UE) players. Each joint scheme comprises a tradable credit plan for public roads and a regular tolling plan for private roads. We show that, under UE-CN mixed equilibrium, there exist anonymous nonnegative joint schemes that can support a system optimum link flow pattern. By using preemptive approach, we further design three bi-objective optimization models with hybrid implementation of tradable credit and road pricing. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed methods are effective in managing PPP networks.