Joint Hypermobility Syndrome: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) is a complex connective tissue disorder characterized by excessive joint mobility and chronic musculoskeletal pain. The condition extends beyond the joints and can affect various systems such as the skin, gastrointestinal tract, neurological system, and cardiovascular system, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach to optimize care. Notably, the prevalence of JHS is higher in young individuals, females, and those of Asian descent. Despite being a common condition, JHS is frequently underdiagnosed, resulting in persistent pain and disability. In order to diagnose JHS, it is necessary to rule out the presence of any consistent feature that indicates the existence of other connective tissue disorders that partially overlap with it, including Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. A thorough clinical assessment, coupled with the application of the Brighton Criteria, can aid in making an accurate diagnosis. Management of JHS poses significant challenges and typically involves symptomatic treatment, including physiotherapy, rehabilitation, and pharmacological therapy. Additionally, a multidisciplinary approach, including collaboration with different specialists, is vital. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of JHS and develop interventions based on solid evidence. However, with comprehensive management strategies, individuals with JHS can achieve better pain control and improved function, enabling them to lead more fulfilling lives.