Abstract
This paper presents a joint estimation method of source range and depth using a bottom-deployed vertical line array (VLA). The method utilizes the information on the arrival angle of direct (D) path in space domain and the interference characteristic of D and surface-reflected (SR) paths in frequency domain. The former is related to a ray tracing technique to backpropagate the rays and produces an ambiguity surface of source range. The latter utilizes Lloyd’s mirror principle to obtain an ambiguity surface of source depth. The acoustic transmission duct is the well-known reliable acoustic path (RAP). The ambiguity surface of the combined estimation is a dimensionless ad hoc function. Numerical efficiency and experimental verification show that the proposed method is a good candidate for initial coarse estimation of source position.
Highlights
The features of reliable acoustic path (RAP) as a stable acoustic transmission duct in the deep ocean have been studied extensively [1,2,3]
For the vertical line array (VLA) used in this study, as long as the input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on one hydrophone is higher than −15 dB, the interference characteristic of D and SR paths can be used for depth estimation
Among hydrophones, this information is used for range estimation by estimating the arrival angle
Summary
The features of reliable acoustic path (RAP) as a stable acoustic transmission duct in the deep ocean have been studied extensively [1,2,3]. The interference signals from the long-distance source can be weakened due to the multireflection with the ocean interface Such acoustic transmission duct is called generalized RAP. When the arrival angle of the D is obtained by CBF, thethe stable rayray model is used toto trace the path is obtained by CBF, stable model is used trace thepossible possiblesource sourcelocations locationsand andobtain obtaina utilizes the the interference interferencecharacteristic characteristicofofbeamforming beamforming arange range ambiguity ambiguity surface. The beamforming output contains the information about D and SR arrivals, the interference oscillation of which along frequency is used to obtain a depth ambiguity surface. The last step combines the above two results to obtain a dimensionless ambiguity surface with the maximum value corresponding to the estimated source location
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