Abstract
Passive localization of nonstationary sources in the spherical coordinates (azimuth, elevation, and range) is considered, and a parallel factor analysis based method is addressed for the near-field parameter estimation problem. In this scheme, a parallel factor analysis model is firstly constructed by computing five time-frequency distribution matrices of the properly chosen observation data. In addition, the uniqueness of the constructed model is proved, and both the two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) and range can be jointly obtained via trilinear alternating least squares regression (TALS). The investigated algorithm is well suitable for near-field nonstationary source localization and does not require parameter-pairing or multidimensional search. Several simulation examples confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Highlights
Bearing estimation has been a strong interest in radar and sonar as well as communication
When the sources are located in the Fresnel region [1] of the array aperture, the wavefronts emitted from these sources are spherical rather than planar at each sensor position and characterized by both the DOA and the range parameters; the existing DOA estimation schemes, such as MUSIC and ESPRIT [2], would fail in estimating near-field localization parameters
By applying the Fresnel approximation to the nearfield sources localization, the two-dimensional (2D) MUSIC method, the high-order ESPRIT method, and the pathfollowing method were, respectively, proposed in [3,4,5,6,7] in order to cope with the problem of estimating azimuth and range
Summary
Bearing estimation has been a strong interest in radar and sonar as well as communication. Aberd Meraim and Hua [10] used only the second-order statistics and proposed a higher resolution 3D near-field source localization; a parameter-pairing process leading to the poor performance in lower signal-to-noise ratio had to be taken into account. By exploiting favorable characteristics of a uniform cross array, we present a joint 2D DOA and range estimation algorithm. Compared with the other methods, the main contribution for the proposed method can be summarized as follows: (1) we obtain 3D near-field sources parameters (elevations, azimuths, and ranges) of nonstationary signals rather than stationary waves; (2) we creatively incorporate STFDs with parallel factor analysis to well avoid both parameter pairing and multidimensional search.
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