Abstract
On 18 April 1869 Alexander II approved a contract between the Russian government and the British entrepreneur and engineer John Hughes (1814-1889), a native of Merthyr Tydfil [in South Wales]. In the 1860s his expertise in manufacturing armor for ships' plating and fortifications had caught the attention of the Russian Admiralty's military engineers. At the same time, Hughes also received a tempting offer to build a rail-manufacturing plant in southern Russia. Prince S. Kochubei transferred the concession to him at a cost of 30,000 silver rubles, £24,000 in shares of a company to be created, and a compensatory lease of seven and a half acres of land.1
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