Job demands and resources and their associations with early retirement intentions through recovery need and work enjoyment

Bert Schreurs,I.J Hetty Van Emmerik,Guy Notelaers,Hans De Witte,Nele De Cuyper

doi:10.4102/sajip.v37i2.859

Abstract

Orientation: Job characteristics play a major role in shaping employees’ early retirement decisions.Research purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the mechanisms through which job characteristics associate with early retirement intention, using the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model as a theoretical framework.Motivation of the study: Early retirement presents a threat to existing health and pension systems, and to organisational functioning. Therefore, it is important to examine how workrelated factors contribute to early retirement decisions.Research design, approach and method: Two parallel processes were theorised to shape early retirement intention: a health impairment process (i.e. job demands → recovery need → early retirement intention) and a motivational process (i.e. job resources → work enjoyment → early retirement intention). Survey data were collected from a heterogeneous sample of 1812 older workers (age > 45). Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses.Main findings: Job demands and job resources were both associated with work enjoyment, which was associated with early retirement intention. Recovery need did not add to the prediction of early retirement intention.Practical/managerial implications: To retain older workers, companies should promote work conditions and practices that keep older workers motivated. Good health may be a necessary condition for retaining older workers, but it does not appear to be a sufficient one.Contribution/value-add: The results suggest that – for early retirement intention – the motivational process is more prominent than the health impairment process.

Highlights

In most developed countries (e.g. UK, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Canada), the official age of retirement is 65
We focus upon early retirement intention, in Belgium for the period 2002–2007 is that men retire, on rather than age at the time of retirement: our basic argument average, at the age of 59.6 and women at 58.3 (OECD, 2009); is that we aim to hint at possible ways to prevent undesirable Belgium presents an exemplary case to study issues early retirement
The reversed pattern was observed for work enjoyment; that is, work enjoyment was moderately negatively associated with job demands and strongly positively with job resources

Summary

Introduction

In most developed countries (e.g. UK, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Canada), the official age of retirement is 65. The actual retirement age is well below this age (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [OECD], 2009) This has led to a growing contingent of early pensioners, which presents a threat to existing health and pension systems, and to organisational functioning: early retirement may result in loss of valuable, organisationspecific knowledge that is costly and time-consuming to replace (Beehr, Glazer, Nielson, Farmer, 2000). These problems have inspired a substantive amount of research concerning the factors associated with employees’ intentions and, their decision to retire early

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