Job Crafting Differences between Generations X and Y: A Cross- cultural Study of Iran and China

Abstract

This qualitative study examines the effects of generational differences and national culture on job crafting. Via interviews with employees from two generations, Generation X and Y, and two countries, Iran and China, the study uncovered how national culture, self vs. other-oriented motivations for development and autonomy can enable and constrain job crafting activities. Findings showed that certain job crafting activities clash with values and beliefs that are central to both Iranian and Chinese culture, such as loyalty to the family, and the importance of relationship building. Moreover, the two generation groups tend to have different motivations behind their involvement in job crafting activities: Generation Y participants were mostly concerned about their personal development whereas Generation X participants were mostly concerned with the development of a better future, company, or society. Finally, individuals in lower- rank positions felt their opportunities to engage in different job crafting activities were limited by their relative lack of autonomy, whereas, individuals in higher-rank positions, despite having more autonomy, found their job crafting opportunities constrained by expectations to meet organizational objectives.