Abstract

This article demonstrates that in the post–World War II period the bodies of Guadeloupean and Martinican women served as a tool to implement new French “development” policies affecting Guadeloupe and Martinique. Immigration officials hoped to improve the women's socioeconomic conditions by encouraging them to migrate to France where they could earn higher wages. By contrast, the women's bodies became a battlefield for Caribbean male nationalists, who appropriated their experiences for political reasons. On both sides, however, the paradoxes were striking. French officials treated Antillean women in a manner that contradicted the national republican values of universal equality, and the Antillean nationalists politicized the migration of Antillean women to France as a way of dealing with the emasculating effects of neocolonial relations. Après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, les Guadeloupéennes et Martiniquaises furent, à leur insu, mêlées à la politique française de développement des nouveaux départements d'Outre-Mer. En encourageant un courant d'immigration vers la « métropole », où les Antillaises avaient la possibilité de gagner leur vie plus facilement, les agents de l'état français désiraient améliorer la situation socioéconomique de ces femmes ainsi que celle des départements. Cependant, les Antillaises jouaient un rôle assez important dans la politique nationaliste locale. Les indépendantistes, alors majoritairement des hommes, utilisaient l'expérience féminine pour protester contre la politique d'immigration et affirmer leurs droits nationaux. Néanmoins, les paradoxes étaient évidents dans la politique respective de chaque camp. L'état français trahissait ses valeurs républicaines, et l'opposition indépendantiste était symptomatique d'un nationalisme ultra-masculin.

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