Abstract
The German invasion eventually led France to surrender and sign an armistice with the Third Reich on June 22, 1940. Germany occupied about three-fifths of France north of the Loire River and extending south in a narrow strip along the Atlantic coast to the Spanish frontier, a tightly guarded demarcation line cut off the territory from the rest of the country. South of the line were forty departments constituting “Free” or unoccupied France. The Vichy regime immediately acted against those it considered not truly French, implementing measures directed against foreigners in general followed by repressive policies aimed exclusively at Jewish immigrants and refugees in the unoccupied zone. This chapter examines the situation of Jews in France's unoccupied zone from May 1940 to August 1942, focusing on the experiences of Sigi Hart, Charles Roman, Menahem Marienberg, Walter Marx, Miriam Löwenwirth, and Boris Carmeli.
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