JENIS DAN STATUS ANOPHELES SPP. SEBAGAI VEKTOR POTENSIAL MALARIA DI PULAU SUMBA PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

Abstract

The new case of malaria in East Nusa Tenggara Province is the third highest in Indonesia. One of the endemic area of malaria is Sumba Island with geographic condition that is enable for Anopheles to breed. Research of Anopheles spp. in Sumba Island and the information about the vector is still limited. The aim of the research was to investigate the species and status of Anopheles spp. as a potential vector of malaria in Sumba Island. The research was conducted in 12 location in Sumba Island in 2009 and 2012). Data collected was the kind of Anopheles species and its breeding habitat. The data was analysed descriptively. Anopheles species that have been captured were 12 species, mostly between 9-10 pm and 4-5am. The mosquito larva was found in 9 Anopheles spp.’s breeding habitat. The resting behavior of Anopheles spp. exist more outside the house or around the cage (60,46%). Human biting behavior exist more outside the house (60.325). The highest Man Hour Density of Anopheles spp. (Man Hour Density/MHD) is An. Sondaicus with MHD 11,98. The highest of biting density per catching method is An. Sondaicus which bite human as a bait outside the house (MHD = 9,58). The highest Species domination (DS) is An. sondaicus with DS = 5,067. There were 12 species of Anopheles in Sumba Island, with 9 kinds of Anopheles spp.’s breeding habitat. There were 3 species that have been confirmed as malaria vector, those are An. sondaicus, An. subpictus, An. Barbirostris. While the suspect of vector were An. vagus and An. annularis which also spread in whole Sumba. It needs efforts to destroy breeding place by heaping or flowing the puddle, the using of insect repellent and wearing long clothes in doing the activity outside the house.