JCARP: Joint Channel Assignment and Routing Protocol for cognitive-radio-based internet of things (CRIoT)

Abstract

ABSTRACT To deal efficiently with the spectrum sharing between cognitive radio users, we propose an innovative routing protocol involving not only a joint and fully distributed spectrum management, but also a hybridization mechanism, titled as Joint Channel Assignment and Routing Protocol (JCARP). Interestingly, it does not require a central control entity and does not use a common control channel to handle the network's spectrum distribution information. Additionally, in the route discovery phase of the hybrid routing protocol, there are two phases: reactive channel selection and proactive channel selection. Moreover, Secondary Users (SUs) have the option of switching from the reactive to the proactive phase of channel selection by utilizing historical usage information related to their list of available channels that has been stored in their database tables. In particular, carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance transmission effects (pass or collision) are studied to identify channel availability and utilization, which are then fed into a database table pertaining to each SU. The JCARP protocol's performance is assessed through a Java–based simulator, utilizing throughput as the evaluation metric. The simulation results indicate that the JCARP protocol markedly reduces collisions among SUs during spectrum access opportunities in the transmission process, achieving higher throughput compared to its counterparts' protocols.