Abstract

This paper presents a model for optimal energy management under the time-of-use (ToU) and critical peak price (CPP) market in a microgrid. The microgrid consists of intermittent dispatchable distributed generators, energy storage systems, and multi-home load demands. The optimal energy management problem is a challenging task due to the inherent stochastic behavior of the renewable energy resources. In the past, medium-sized distributed energy resource generation was injected into the main grid with no feasible control mechanism to prevent the waste of power generated by a distributed energy resource which has no control mechanism, especially when the grid power limit is altered. Thus, a Jaya-based optimization method is proposed to shift dispatchable distributed generators within the ToU and CPP scheduling horizon. The proposed model coordinates the power supply of the microgrid components, and trades with the main grid to reduce its fuel costs, production costs, and also maximize the monetary profit from sales revenue. The proposed method is implemented on two microgrid operations: the standalone and grid-connected modes. The simulation results are compared with other optimization methods: enhanced differential evolution (EDE) and strawberry algorithm (SBA). Finally, simulation results show that the Jaya-based optimization method minimizes the fuel cost by up to 38.13%, production cost by up to 93.89%, and yields a monetary benefit of up to 72.78% from sales revenue.

Highlights

  • Nonrenewable energy resources such as fossil fuel, coal, nuclear, and natural gas are insufficient to meet the supply needs

  • To prevent the potential waste of power generated by distributed energy resource (DER) with no control mechanism, especially when the grid limits are violated, these considerations call for optimal energy management implementation

  • Jaya-based energy management system (EMS) reduced the daily production cost by up to 93.89% compared to 92.90% for enhanced differential evolution (EDE) and 93.84% of strawberry algorithm (SBA) for the grid-connected MG-1 and MG-2, respectively

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Summary

Introduction

Nonrenewable energy resources such as fossil fuel, coal, nuclear, and natural gas are insufficient to meet the supply needs. The MG energy management problem is well-aimed at minimizing the operational cost of the remote DER and ensures the power exchange with the main grid. The ToU is more efficiently, simpler, and fairer than the flat rate pricing scheme because it enables load shifting from on-peak to off-peak hours This scheme is easy for consumers to predict and comprehend, and it encourages the adoption of RESs and distributed storage systems by providing a reduced rate during the on-peak hours. To prevent the potential waste of power generated by DERs with no control mechanism, especially when the grid limits are violated, these considerations call for optimal energy management implementation. This paper proposes an optimal energy scheduling technique to shift dispatchable DGs within the time-based and event-based time price horizon It enables the coordination of power supply to satisfy the hourly load demand.

Related Work
Energy Management Using Heuristic Optimization Approaches
Problem Formulation
Formulation of Objective Function
Case I
Case II
Formulation of the Multi-Objective Scheduling Problem
Proposed System Model
Jaya Algorithm
Design objective function
Simulations and Discussions
Operation in Standalone MG Mode
Performance Trade-Off
Findings
Conclusions and Future Work
Full Text
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