Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and its precursors and dervatives, referred as jasmonates (JAs) are important molecules in the regulation of many physiological processes in plant growth and development, and especially the mediation of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. JAs biosynthesis, perception, transport, signal transduction and action have been extensively investigated. In this review, we will discuss the initiation of JA signaling with a focus on environmental signal perception and transduction, JA biosynthesis and metabolism, transport of signaling molecules (local transmission, vascular bundle transmission, and airborne transportation), and biological function (JA signal receptors, regulated transcription factors, and biological processes involved).
Highlights
Plants undergo many physiological changes to cope with biotic and abiotic stress
Koo et al [24] found that the systemic Jasmonic acid (JA) and JA-Ile caused by injury induction are not all transferred from the injured site, at least part of which is resynthesized and cascading cycles in the uninjured site produce more JA-Ile, which was later confirmed by Larrieu et al [25]
Compared with JA, which has difficulty in penetrating the cell membrane without carrier assistance, MeJA penetrates the cell membrane and has strong volatility, and can be spread by airborne diffusion to distant leaves and adjacent plants [28]. It has been confirmed in a range of plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana [20], Nicotiana tabacum [29], Phaseolus lunatus [30], and Artemisia kawakamii [31], that MeJA can be transmitted by air between damaged and undamaged leaves or between adjacent plants
Summary
The survival of plants mainly depends on their ability to adapt in a varying environment through signaling networks [1]. These networks establish connections between the environmental signals and cell responses [2]. Plant hormones play major roles in the establishment of signaling networks to regulate plant growth and stress-related responses. As a signaling molecule, JAs can effectively mediate responses against environmental stresses by inducing a series of genes expression [5]. JAs and salicylic acid (SA)-mediated signaling pathways are mainly related to plant resistance, prompting plant responses to external damage (mechanical, herbivore, and insect damage) and pathogen infection, thereby inducing resistance gene expression. The initiation, transmission, and biological functions of jasmonic acid signaling are introduced from the point of view of environmental signal molecules
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