Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) [Jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonates (MeJAs)] are known to take part in various physiological processes. Exogenous application of JAs so far tested on different plants under abiotic stresses particularly salinity, drought, and temperature (low/high) conditions have proved effective in improving plant stress tolerance. However, its extent of effectiveness entirely depends on the type of plant species tested or its concentration. The effects of introgression or silencing of different JA- and Me-JA-related genes have been summarized in this review, which have shown a substantial role in improving crop yield and quality in different plants under stress or non-stress conditions. Regulation of JAs synthesis is impaired in stressed as well as unstressed plant cells/tissues, which is believed to be associated with a variety of metabolic events including signal transduction. Although, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important components of JA signaling and biosynthesis pathways, nitric oxide, ROS, calcium, ABA, ethylene, and salicylic acid are also important mediators of plant growth and development during JA signal transduction and synthesis. The exploration of other signaling molecules can be beneficial to examine the details of underlying molecular mechanisms of JA signal transduction. Much work is to be done in near future to find the proper answers of the questions like action of JA related metabolites, and identification of universal JA receptors etc. Complete signaling pathways involving MAPKs, CDPK, TGA, SIPK, WIPK, and WRKY transcription factors are yet to be investigated to understand the complete mechanism of action of JAs.
Highlights
Plants being sessile can respond to environmental cues through a variety of physio-biochemical processes and structural modifications (Ahmad et al, 2008; Farrant and Ruelland, 2015)
Research on Jasmonic acid (JA) signaling is gaining ground day by day, because of the primary reason that they are involved in regulation of tolerance against different environmental stresses (Fonseca et al, 2009; Koo et al, 2009; Gfeller et al, 2010a; Wasternack and Hause, 2013) as well as their integration with the signaling pathways generated by salicylic acid, ABA, ethylene, and other such molecules
The expression of defense-related enzymes mainly lipoxigenase and peroxidase followed by polyphenol oxidase were significantly higher in plants damaged by ventral eversible gland intact (VEGI) caterpillars than that in plants damaged by ventral eversible gland ablated (VEGA) caterpillars
Summary
Plants being sessile can respond to environmental cues through a variety of physio-biochemical processes and structural modifications (Ahmad et al, 2008; Farrant and Ruelland, 2015). A variety of JA-induced plant growth, developmental and physiological activities have been reported including fertility, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, sex determination, storage organ formation, reproductive processes, root elongation, fruit ripening and senescence, oxidative defense, and interaction with other hormones (Browse, 2009; Moreno et al, 2009; Avanci et al, 2010; Cipollini, 2010; Nafie et al, 2011). Research on JA signaling is gaining ground day by day, because of the primary reason that they are involved in regulation of tolerance against different environmental stresses (Fonseca et al, 2009; Koo et al, 2009; Gfeller et al, 2010a; Wasternack and Hause, 2013) as well as their integration with the signaling pathways generated by salicylic acid, ABA, ethylene, and other such molecules. The present review focuses on elucidation of the role of JAs in various physiological and molecular processes involved in stress tolerance, as well as it offers important details about the signaling pathways in plant stress tolerance mechanisms
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