Abstract
The last stages of stamen development, collectively called stamen maturation, encompass pollen viability, filament elongation and anther dehiscence or opening. These processes are essential for male fertility in Arabidopsis and require the function of jasmonate signaling. There is a good understanding of jasmonate synthesis, perception and transcriptional outputs in Arabidopsis stamens. In addition, the spatiotemporal localization of jasmonate signaling components at the tissue and cellular levels has started to emerge in recent years. However, the ultimate cellular functions activated by jasmonate to promote stamen maturation remain unknown. The hormones auxin and gibberellin have been proposed to control the activation of jasmonate synthesis to promote stamen maturation, although we hypothesize that this action is rather indirect. In this review, we examine these different areas, attempt to clarify some confusing aspects found in the literature and raise testable hypothesis that may help to further understand how jasmonate controls male fertility in Arabidopsis.
Highlights
In angiosperms, the development of stamens and pistils, the flower organs bearing the male and female reproductive material, is exquisitely controlled to guarantee the success of offspring generation (Ma 2005, Gomez et al 2015, Erbasol Serbes et al 2019)
We examine our current understanding of jasmonate signaling during this process in Arabidopsis, including synthesis, perception, transcriptional changes, possible cellular functions and the influence of auxin and gibberellin
One of the first hints that jasmonate is essential for Arabidopsis stamen maturation was provided by the fad3 fad7 fad8 triple mutant. This mutant lacks a-linonenic acid due to a loss of function in all the desaturases catalyzing the last step in the synthesis of trienoic fatty acids (McConn and Browse 1996). a-Linonenic acid is mainly found within plastid membranes as part of glycerolipids, from which it is released in Arabidopsis stamens by the lipase DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE1 (DAD1) to initiate jasmonate synthesis (Fig. 1B; Ishiguro et al 2001)
Summary
The development of stamens and pistils, the flower organs bearing the male and female reproductive material, is exquisitely controlled to guarantee the success of offspring generation (Ma 2005, Gomez et al 2015, Erbasol Serbes et al 2019). The following two other processes fail to occur: the elongation of stamen filaments, which ensures that anthers reach the pistil stigmata for fertilization, and the opening of anthers (dehiscence), which is essential for pollen release (Fig. 1A; Sanders et al 2000, Stintzi and Browse 2000) We refer to these three aspects of stamen development as maturation. One of the first hints that jasmonate is essential for Arabidopsis stamen maturation was provided by the fad fad fad triple mutant This mutant lacks a-linonenic acid due to a loss of function in all the desaturases catalyzing the last step in the synthesis of trienoic fatty acids (McConn and Browse 1996).
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