Abstract
In response to the "Four Modernizations," there has been a noteworthy reassessment in contemporary China of the history of the modernization process in China prior to 1949. One particularly striking avenue of reassessment has been the new look at the early Westernization (yangwu) movement. For example, "A Preliminary Analysis of the Reasons for the Success or Failure of Capitalist Modernization in China and Japan in the Nineteenth Century"a (Ritsumeikan hōgaku 174) by Ding Richu and Du Xun-cheng (trans. the research group on contemporary Chinese history under the direction of Ikeda Makoto) compares capitalist modernization in China and Japan and includes an analysis of why China developed later and more slowly than Japan. Related to this last point, Hata Korehito has written "Modern Chinese Scholarship on the Emergence of Chinese Capitalism"a (Chū;goku kindai shi kenkyū;kai tsū;shin 17).
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