Abstract
Publisher Summary Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus (JEV) is the major mosquito-borne encephalitic flavivirus of rural eastern, southeastern and southern Asia. The JE serological group comprises eight antigenically related virus species and two strains or subtypes, with members found on all continents except Antarctica. The viruses are cacipacore virus (CPCV), JEV, koutango virus (KOUV), Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV), Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), Usutu virus (USUV), WNV, and Yaounde virus (YAOV), with Alfuy virus (ALFV) and Kunjin virus (KUNV) being subtypes of MVEV and WNV, respectively. JEV exists as a single serotype, but antigenic variation has been recognized using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, a correlation between genetic variation and JEV activity has been observed, with isolates from northern temperate areas where JE occurs as summer epidemics predominantly caused by genotypes 1 and 3, whereas endemic strains found in tropical equatorial regions have been associated with genotypes 2 and 4. However, several exceptions to this pattern are also demonstrated.
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